Jurnal Kedokteran: Media Informasi Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan

Papaya Leaf Ethanol Extract Lowers Malondialdehyde Levels, Increases Superoxide Dismutase Levels, and Increases Leydig Cell Count in Male Rats Given High-Intensity Swimming Exercise

Suci Nirmala, Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna, Wimpie I Pangkahila — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Physical activity is any body movement that occurs due to skeletal muscle contractions that require energy expenditure. Overtraining can trigger oxidative stress due to chronic systemic hypoxia, cause an increase in systemic inflammatory response and multiorgan damage, and accelerate the aging process. The aging process is influenced by many factors, one of which is high-intensity swimming exercise which triggers the emergence of free radicals and leads to systemic oxidative stress. High-intensity swimming exercise is associated with an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The Papaya plant is famous for its therapeutic and nutritional properties. Papaya leaves contain secondary metabolites from papaya leaf extract including tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. Papaya leaf extract has strong medicinal properties as an antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and antioxidant. This research is an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. The sample in this study were male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with an age range of 3-4 months with an average body weight range of 180-200 grams. As many as 36 rats were divided into 2 treatment groups. Treatment group 1 (P1) rats were given high-intensity swimming exercise treatment and aquabidest. Treatment group 2 (P2) rats were given high-intensity swimming exercise treatment and papaya leaf extract 60mg / 200g BB orally. Each treatment was carried out for 21 days. The data obtained will be analyzed using an independent sample T-test. The results of this study obtained: (1) the average MDA levels showed that the P1 group (1.02±0.064) was higher than the P2 group (0.86±0.44) with a value of p<0.001; (2) the average SOD level in the P2 group (2.72±0.437) was higher than P1 (1.46±0.288) with p<0.001; (3) the average number of Leydig cells in the P1 group (13.0±5.05) was lower than in the P2 group (30.0±5.05) with p<0.001. This study concluded that papaya leaf ethanol extract in rats was able to reduce MDA levels, increase SOD levels and increase the number of Leydig cells in male rats given high-intensity swimming exercise.

Study of Resistance of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes to Pyrethroids by Free-flight Method

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Efforts to combat dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Bali are focused on controlling the vector of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. One method is fumigation (fogging) with insecticides. The use of insecticides for a long time and improper doses can trigger resistance. Many countries including Indonesia have reported incidents of insecticide resistance. Methods for determining the level of insecticide resistance are bioassay, biochemistry, and gene mutation. The method does not describe the actual environmental conditions of Mosquitoes. Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer developed a free-flight test procedure to evaluate insecticide resistance in free-flying mosquito conditions. The study, which was conducted in June 2019-January 2020, aimed to measure the level of insecticide resistance with the free-flight method in the A. aegypti population in North Denpasar. A total of 20 female A. aegypti aged 5-10 days were released in the free-flight room for 24 hours with permethrin or cypermethrin insecticide boards. The level of resistance is determined based on the mosquito mortality rate using WHO standards. The results showed permethrin and cypermethrin resistance in the A. aegypti population of North Denpasar, with mortality of less than 80%.

Correlation Between icaA/B/C/D Gene and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal gram-positive bacterium related to various infections in humans. The ability of S. aureus to form biofilm plays an important role in pathogenesis and the presence of the ica gene is known to be related to this biofilm formation. The study was an analytic cross-sectional study aimed at detecting the presence of the ica gene and its correlation with biofilm formation. The samples in this study were patients with S. aureus infection treated at Prof. Dr. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital from October 2020 to January 2021. The total samples were 67 with a dominant age range was 46-65 years (43.3%) and equal gender amount. The three most common diagnoses of S. aureus infection were post-surgical wound infection (wound swab sample) followed by pneumonia (sputum sample) and chronic kidney disease (blood sample). It was revealed that all isolates produced biofilm with different quantities which were grouped into little (62%), moderate (23.8%), and strong (13.4%) and nearly all samples had at least one ica gene notably icaB or icaD. The icaA gene was detected in 29 samples (43.3%), icaB in 60 samples (89.6%), icaC in 37 samples (55.2%), and icaD in 65 samples (97%). The icaA gene significantly correlated with the quantity of the biofilm formed (p=0.002). The more ica genes the isolate possesses, the more the ability to form biofilms quantitatively (p=0.022).

Characteristics of Kidney Stone Patients with Stonography CT Scan Without Contrast

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Kidney stones are one of the problems that are often found in the field of urology. The composition of stones formed varies and the location of kidney stones is generally in the minor calyx, major calyx, and renal pelvis. Examination to be able to establish a diagnosis, one of which is by CT Scan examination. Management of kidney stones depends on the characteristics of the kidney stones found. So further research is needed to determine the characteristics of kidney stones to provide appropriate management and prevent recurrence. The descriptive design research design used secondary data with 115 samples. The results showed that the number of patients was more male by 83 people (72.2%), kidney stones obtained were as many as 62 (53.9%), patients had right kidney stones measuring >9mm (79%), and as many as 68 (59.1%) patients had left kidney stones measuring >9mm (73.5%), and most of the casein did not suffer from hydronephrosis.

Description of Stroke Prevention Behavior in Hypertensive Patients at the Bebandem Health Center, Karangasem Regency in October 2022

Grantika Nugraha — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Hypertension is a disease that is often called the silent killer. Uncontrolled hypertension will cause complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Stroke is the third leading cause of death. Prevention is one of the most effective and efficient ways to reduce the incidence of stroke. Hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, and controlling hypertension can reduce the incidence of stroke. The purpose of this study was to find out the description of stroke prevention behavior in hypertensive patients at the Bebandem Health Center, Karangasem Regency, in October 2022. This research is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional research design. The research sample used outpatients who were blood pressure checked that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Bendadem Karangasem Health Center in October 2022 with a sample size of 67 respondents. The results of the study: The characteristics of the respondents studied can be described based on age (38.8%) aged 30-39 years, gender (53.7%) male, education (46.3%) last educated, namely Senior High School / Vocational School. Based on stroke prevention behavior, it has found that the majority (58.2%) had good stroke prevention behavior.

Effect of Clitoria ternatea L. Extract on Melatonin, NRF2, and MDA Levels in Diabetic RAT

Fatati Luciana, Ndaru Andri Damayanti, Harliansyah — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms that causes pancreatic damage and the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) is important in protecting pancreatic cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Clitoria ternatea L. (CT) flower was studied for its antioxidative effects in diabetic rats. Indeed, there has not been a lot of study on how CT impacts melatonin levels and NRF2 activity. CT flower was extracted using maceration procedures with 96% ethanol. The male Wistar rats (n=25) were randomly divided into five groups, including the control group, which received normal saline orally for 14 days. Diabetes groups received intraperitoneally (i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) as a single dose (45 mg/kg, i.p.). Normal saline, CT (100 and 200 mg/kg), and metformin (150 mg/kg) were orally administered to diabetic rats for 14 days. The melatonin, NRF2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in serum. CT flower extract had no effect on melatonin levels in diabetic rats (p>0.05), but significantly increased NRF2 levels and decreased MDA levels (p<0.05). CT can activate NRF2 and reduce oxidative stress in DM, and its administration may prevent diabetes complications.

Disease Mapping in Foreign Travelers Visiting Ubud Village, Bali

Tanjung Subrata, Putu Indah Budiapsari, Ni Wayan Widhidewi — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Most tourists who visit Bali are looking for a tourist attraction in the countryside, because of the natural beauty, the beautiful atmosphere, and local wisdom. To maintain the security, safety, and health of tourists visiting rural areas, we consider it necessary to map out diseases affecting tourists visiting tourist villages. Based on the location of the place to stay, it was found that the Ubud sub-district is the location of the most disease occurrence among tourists because it is the center of tourism in Gianyar Regency. The map of the distribution of the 7 most common diseases shows that the highest prevalence of the disease among foreign tourists visiting Ubud is acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in as many as 305 (43.93%) people; followed by upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in 101 (14.55%) people; injuries in 75 (10.8%) people, fever in 64 (9.2%) people, gastritis in 59 (8.5%) people; ear, nose, and throat problem (ENT) in 48 (6.9%) people; and allergies in 42 (6.05%) people. In conclusion, disease mapping among tourists is concentrated in the Ubud sub-district with the most common disease being acute gastroenteritis.

Influencing Factors of Contraception Use among Women in the Mengwi II Community Health Center

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Contraceptive coverage in Indonesia, especially in Bali, must be better distributed. Many factors influence the choice of contraceptive use. It is necessary to know what factors affect a mother's contraceptive choice to improve the number of use and better coverage. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing mothers’ choice of contraception in the work area of the Mengwi II Community Health Center. This study was cross-sectional, with 167 subjects selected by simple random sampling. The results showed that the intrauterine device was the contraception type most used by the respondents (31.3%). The majority of the respondents had a college education level. The contraceptive knowledge of most of the respondents was sufficient (>97.2%). Most of the respondents (69.8%) received information from health workers. It was found that knowledge was an influencing factor in choosing a contraceptive method (p=0.010). Healthcare providers are needed to improve mother’s knowledge about various types of contraception methods and the benefits of using contraceptives.