Jurnal Kedokteran: Media Informasi Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan

Association between Children's Nutritional Knowledge and Nutritional Status among Residents of Muara Bungo Market Area

2024-10-07T07:46:13+07:00

Background: Nutritional problems in children are complex, both in terms of quantity and quality. Irregular eating habits, plus a lack of nutritional knowledge can affect a child's nutritional status. This study aimed to examine the association between children's nutritional knowledge and nutritional status, and the role of education in forming healthy eating habits. Methods: This was quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 30 samples were collected from children aged 5-14 years in the Muara Bungo market area, using a total sampling technique. The research variables were knowledge and nutritional status of children. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: 53.30% of children with poor nutritional knowledge had good nutritional status and 46.70% had poor nutritional status. 40.00% of children with good nutritional knowledge had good nutritional status and 60.00% had poor nutritional status. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant association between children’s nutritional knowledge and nutritional status (p = 0.715). Conclusion: Nutritional education, healthy eating patterns, and regular monitoring of children's nutritional status at Posyandu and cross-sectoral collaboration are fundamental to improving children’s nutritional status.

Age and Work Region's Association with Stress, Depression, Anxiety in Tourism Workers Amid Covid-19

2024-08-29T13:49:12+07:00

Background: World Health Organization in 2020 mentioned that there were around 35 million people affected by depression and according to Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kedokteran Jiwa Indonesia (PDSKJI), there were around 67.00% of tourism employees affected by depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aimed to analyze the association of age and work region with the severity of stress, depression, and anxiety in tourism workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study took place in Bali Province from July to August 2023. Depression, Anxiety and Stress score (DASS) was used for the questionnaire in this research. Subjects were recruited using convenience sampling. Results: A total of 138 respondents who filled out the questionnaire in Google Forms automatically became research samples. The data was analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test to identify the association between the variables. Depression, anxiety, and stress dominated by 20-29 years old. There was a statistically significant association between age, work region, and the severity level of depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.001). Conclusion: age and work region are associated with severity levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Risk Factors for Shunt Failure in Pediatric Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Literature Review

2024-10-07T08:07:33+07:00

Background: Hydrocephalus in pediatric patients is a severe neurological condition requiring timely and effective treatment to prevent life-threatening complications. Shunt placement is the primary intervention to manage cerebrospinal fluid buildup, but shunt failure remains a persistent and critical challenge in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors influencing shunt success and explore infection prevention strategies to enhance treatment outcomes for pediatric patients. Methods: Using a systematic review of relevant literature accessed through PubMed, we analyzed studies selected based on strict inclusion criteria, including research type and publication year. Key findings from this analysis underscore several critical aspects: risk factors for shunt failure, the efficacy of innovative technologies, and infection prevention strategies. Results: Advanced devices like the Sophy valve and El-Shafei shunt system demonstrate promising potential in improving treatment outcomes, particularly in adult patients. However, their applicability in pediatric cases requires further exploration. Infection prevention strategies are vital to reducing complications, with approaches such as postoperative antibiotics and the use of antibiotic-impregnated cerebrospinal fluid shunt catheters proving effective in lowering postoperative infection rates. A cost-benefit analysis further highlights the economic viability of AISC utilization in standard practice. A comprehensive understanding of shunt failure risk factors and infection control measures is essential for optimizing pediatric hydrocephalus treatment. While new technologies and preventive strategies show significant promise, additional research comparing these innovations with conventional methods is necessary to fully establish their safety and efficacy. Conclusion: This study provides a foundation for advancing more effective, efficient, and economically viable treatment approaches for pediatric hydrocephalus patients.

Relationship Between Contact with Cattle That Experienced Abortions and Rose Bengal Test Results

2024-10-22T09:08:25+07:00

Background: Most provinces in Indonesia have yet to be declared brucellosis-free and knowledge of brucellosis infections transmitted to humans is insufficient. Therefore, the spread of Brucella infection will be more dominant in community groups with close contact with cattle as disease carriers. Methods: This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was cattle breeder's blood taken from the median cubital vein, as much as 5 ml. The number of samples used was 40. The Brucella examination was carried out with the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and confirmed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) examination. The samples were grouped based on the contact with cattle that experienced abortions. The relationship between contact and RBT results was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: (1) There were no cattle breeders that tested positive for brucellosis; (2) As many as 7 (17.50%) cattle breeders had contact with cattle that experienced abortions; (3) 10 breeders showed positive (+) RBT results; (4) PCR results from all breeders' blood samples were negative; (5) The Chi-square test obtained p = 1.000. Conclusion: No statistically significant relationship was found between contact with cattle that experienced abortions and RBT results.

Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on D-dimer Levels in COVID-19 Patients

2024-10-07T13:51:41+07:00

Background: D-dimer is a potential biomarker for COVID-19 severity, correlated with the clinical outcomes and radiological findings. This research investigates the effect of ascorbic acid, an antioxidant and immunomodulator, on D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The research design is prospective, randomized controlled, and conducted from January to March 2021 at Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Tebet, Jakarta. Overall, 150 confirmed COVID-19 patients were randomized into two groups using a computer-generated block randomization technique. The intervention group received high-dose ascorbic acid (2 grams orally every 6 hours for seven days), while the control group received a placebo. Outcomes were assessed in changes in D-dimer levels, clinical severity, and radiological abnormalities. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and logistic regression. Results: The patients treated with ascorbic acid showed a significant reduction in D-dimer levels compared to the placebo group. Additionally, these patients demonstrated notable improvements in clinical severity and radiological outcomes. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test demonstrated significant reductions in D-dimer levels within the ascorbic acid group (p < 0.001) and significant increases within the placebo group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Ascorbic acid supplementation was associated with lowered D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients, pointing to its potential therapeutic benefits in moderating disease severity. These results strongly support further research into ascorbic acid's benefits during COVID-19, especially for those at increased risk of severe disease progression.

Analysis of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Program in Preventing HIV/AIDS Based on the Health Policy Triangle

2024-10-07T07:53:59+07:00

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an action to prevent HIV transmission using antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. During 2022, the PrEP program was implemented in 21 districts/cities as a trial limited to MSM and sex worker populations. This study aims to analyze the PrEP program in preventing HIV/AIDS using a health policy triangle approach that assesses the aspects of actor, context, content, and process. Methods: The study was performed using qualitative methods from electronic document searches. Results: The results of the analysis show that the actors in the PrEP program as HIV/AIDS prevention are the President, Legislative, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Internal Affairs, health office, community health centers, hospitals, non-governmental organization (NGOs)/HIV and AIDS care groups, HIV/AIDS key populations, correctional institutions, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), and the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM). The context of PrEP implementation in the form of situational factors is high HIV transmission within at-risk populations, structural factors are legal bases, cultural factors are patriarchal culture and MSM and sex workers which are still taboo, as well as international factors in the form of WHO policy. The policy process consists of problem identification, policy analysis, policy formulation, implementation, and program monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion: PrEP content regarding the aim of PrEP, targets, types of drugs used, how to get PrEP services, how to use the drugs, and how to monitor has been explained in the Technical Guidelines for PrEP Services made by WHO and adapted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health.

The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Insomnia Severity in SMA Negeri 1 Ubud Students

2024-11-13T11:09:31+07:00

Background: Insomnia is a sleep disorder that can be affected by various factors, such as stress, depression, health conditions, and the use of technological devices, including smartphones. A smartphone is a telephone device equipped with an internet connection and provides a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) function. Excessive use of smartphones can cause the phenomenon of smartphone addiction where there is a sense of loss and anxiety when away from smartphones. Methods: This was analytical research with a cross-sectional approach. Sample collection was carried out using stratified random sampling techniques. The data collection of this study used a questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate data analyses were carried out. Results: The Spearman’s rank correlation showed a positive value of 0.492, indicating a medium correlation strength with a significance level of p < 0.001 (p < 0.05). This showed a statistically significant correlation between smartphone addiction and the severity of insomnia. Conclusion: The high level of smartphone addiction renders students more likely to experience insomnia. Students’ awareness of the wise use of smartphones to manage good sleep time for improved health and well-being is paramount.

Evaluation of Body Mass Index as a Marker for Monitoring of Intensive Phase Therapy and Vitamin D Supplementation in Pulmonary TB

2024-11-20T15:14:51+07:00

Background: In 2022, the success rate of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in Indonesia was 86.50%, which was below the 90.00% target. The decline in nutritional status among TB patients can result from anorexia, leading to inadequate nutrition. In TB patients, the intensive phase of treatment carries a risk of 3,021 times greater for developing malnutrition. It is associated with delayed healing, increasing the risk of death and TB recurrence. This study aimed to observe changes in body mass index (BMI) in TB patients as a marker for measuring the success of the treatment. Methods: This analytical experimental study used a one-group pre-test and post-test design, applying a purposive sampling method. The study sample included all patients diagnosed with TB who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a minimum sample size of 15. Results: As many as 15 new patients were diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Height and weight measurements were taken to determine their BMI. Most respondents had a BMI below normal before therapy, with 6 people (40.00%) classified as thin. After receiving anti-TB drugs and vitamin D therapy for 2 months of intensive treatment, this number decreased to 2 people (13.30%). Results from the paired t-test showed a p-value of < 0.001, indicating a statistically significant difference in nutritional status before and after two months of anti-TB drug and vitamin D therapy. Conclusion: Changes in BMI were observed in pulmonary TB patients after receiving the anti-TB drug therapy and vitamin D for two months during the intensive phase.